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 Osteoarthritis:
Osteoarthritis is the name given to age-appropriate changes that occur in joints of our body. This can be the result of stiffness, swelling, pain and disability for some people. Osteoarthritis can be present without any of the above mentioned symptoms and physiotherapy modalities and proper exercise prescription can help you improve your mobility and activities of daily life as well as reduce the pain.

Menisci:
There are two causes of a meniscal tear. The first occur with a trauma usually from a sudden rotation of the knee especially with high velocity. The second may have a gradual onset as part of the normal degeneration of the structures in the body due to age. Meniscal pain may result into catching pain that may cause locking or the feeling of a build-up of pressure in the knee joint, it is especially aggravated with sudden rotations and can be a disabling reaspm from normal activities of daily life.
With a traumatic meniscal tear usually the treatment involves operation followed by physiotherapy rehabilitation in order for you to regain back the mobility, strength and stability and return to normal activities of daily life.
For the degenerative meniscus research is supporting conservative management with physiotherapy and exercise as it has high rate of success. Your experienced physiotherapist will be able to prescribe an appropriate exercise program as well as use different modalities to help alleviate your pain. 

Ligament injuries
The ligaments in the knee joint are extremely important to provide stability while performing functional tasks. Damage to the ligaments is usually the result of a trauma that creates a forceful stretch or tear to the supporting ligament. This creates pain that may be associated with swelling and discolouration depending on the severity of the injury. As a consequence of this injury the joint becomes instable and painful.
The treatment options are depending on the severity of your injury and your goals following rehabilitation. Operation or conservative management are the options with injuries and are both aiming to reduce pain and help you return to the level of activity you would like to have.
Conservative management is aiming at regaining the knee stability through the surrounding musculature. If you are an elite athlete or a highly active individual you may choose the operation route. These options will be discussed with you further with your doctor or your physiotherapist.
Prehabilitation is the word used for specific exercise and neuromuscular training in order to prevent injuries. Research is supporting prehabilitation for reducing ligamentous knee injuries. This is of high importance for athletes with or without ligamentous injuries. 

Muscular injuries
Muscular injuries are common especially with high depending sports or trauma due to degeneration. Muscular injuries can occur around the knee in the hamstrings or quadriceps muscles. An experienced physiotherapist will be able to help you regain strength and functioning. 

The patellofemoral pain (Knee cup pain)
The patellofemoral joint is the term used to describe the joint between the knee cup and the femur (thigh bone). Pain in this region is common and it is usually caused by muscular dysfunction or due altered function due to poor mechanics. Your experienced physiotherapist will be able to identify the origin for the pain and make use of a variety of modalities to help you regain pain free functioning and return to activities. 

Iliotibial Band syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome refers to the pain at the side of your thigh that can be extremely painful due to faulty mechanical loads causing this compensatory tightening of this structure. Your experienced physiotherapist will be able to identify the reason for this compensation and use different modalities and exercises in order to restore pain free functioning. 

Fat pad impingement (Hoffa’s syndrome)
This term is used to describe a compression of a structure under your knee cup called the fat pad. This structure acts as cushioning for the underlying structures but can get irritated due to direct trauma. This condition can be extremely painful especially with extension of the knee. An experienced physiotherapist will be able to differentiate this from other conditions and use appropriate modalities and guidance in order for you to return to previous level of activities.